what is the abdominal region that lies inferior to all other abdominal regions?

Regions of the abdomen

Writer: Alexandra Sieroslawska MD • Reviewer: Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD
Last reviewed: March 09, 2022
Reading time: nine minutes

The regions of the abdomen are theoretical divisions used by clinicians to help localize, identify and diagnose a patients symptoms. There are two main forms of categorization, the starting time which is simpler and is mapped out by dividing the belly into four quadrants, while the 2d method divides it into ix segments.

Either of these two ideas near the abdominal regions are internationally recognized and can be used on a daily footing during clinical practise. It is simply up to the md on how they wish to present their findings.

This article will talk over both schemes and include a list of the internal organs and other important anatomical structures that can be found within each region.

Key facts

Four region scheme	Principle: vertical line through linea alba (median plane) crosses horizontal line through the umbilicus (transumbilical plane) -> four quadrants: correct upper quadrant (RUQ), correct lower quadrant (RLQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ) Quadrants: RUQ - LUQ |         | RLQ - LLQ
Nine region scheme	Principle: 2 vertical midclavicular lines (left and right) cross ii horizontal: subcostal (through lower border of 10th costal cartilage) and transtubercular (through tubercles of iliac crests) -> nine segments: right and left hypochondrium, epigastrium, right and left lumbar regions, umbilical region, right and left inguinal regions, hypogastrium Segments: right hipochondrium - epigastrium - left hipochondrium right lumbar - umbilical - left lumbar right inguinal - hypogastrium - left inguinal
Clinical relations	Grayness-Turner's sign, Cullen'due south sign

Contents

1. The 4 region scheme
   1. Divisions and landmarks
   2. Right upper quadrant
   3. Right lower quadrant
   4. Left upper quadrant
   5. Left lower quadrant
2. The ix region scheme
   1. Divisions and landmarks
   2. Left hypochondriac region
   3. Right hypochondriac region
   4. Epigastric region
   5. Left lumbar region
   6. Right lumbar region
   7. Umbilical region
   8. Left inguinal region
   9. Right inguinal region
   10. Hypogastric region
3. Clinical aspects
4. Sources

+ Show all

The four region scheme

Divisions and landmarks

The four anatomical regions of the belly are known as quadrants. They are separated past theoretical anatomical lines that can be traced on the abdomen using certain anatomical landmarks. The median plane is that which follows the linea alba and extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis and splits the abdomen vertically in one-half. The transumbilical plane is a horizontal line that runs at the level of the umbilicus. These two planes transect at the umbilicus in a cross-like form and divide the abdomen into four quarters.

Right upper quadrant

The right upper quadrant (RUQ), in a craniocaudal order, contains:

• the right lobe of the liver
• the gallbladder
• the pylorus of the stomach
• the 3 first parts of duodenum
• the caput of the pancreas
• the right kidney and the right suprarenal gland
• the distal ascending colon
• the hepatic flexure of the colon
• the right one-half of the transverse colon

Right lower quadrant

The correct lower quadrant (RLQ) contains:

• the majority of the ileum
• the cecum and vermiform appendix
• the proximal ascending colon
• the proximal correct ureter

Left upper quadrant

The left upper quadrant (LUQ), in a craniocaudal social club, contains:

• the left lobe of the liver
• the spleen
• the stomach
• the jejunum
• the proximal ileum
• the body and the tail of the pancreas
• the left kidney and the left suprarenal gland
• the left half of the transverse colon
• the splenic flexure of the colon
• the superior part of the descending colon

Left lower quadrant

The left lower quadrant (LLQ) contains:

• the distal descending colon
• the sigmoid colon
• the left ureter

Depending on the sexual practice of the private, both the left and right lower quadrants contain either:

• an ovary
• a uterine tube
• a ductus deferens
• the uterus
• the urinary float

Has this commodity on the regions of the abdomen made y'all realise that you need to review your knowledge of medical terminology? Check out our guide to basic medical terminology 101.

The nine region scheme

Divisions and landmarks

Compared to the four region scheme, this sectionalization of the abdomen may seem more complicated. Withal, it can help to further localize clinical symptoms and arrive at an authentic diagnosis more than rapidly. At that place are ii vertical planes and two horizontal planes that are used to separate the nine segments. The vertical planes are known as the left and right midclavicular lines. They run from the midpoint in the clavicle caudally towards the midpoint of the inguinal ligament.

The horizontal planes which are mentioned here in a craniocaudal order, include the subcostal airplane and the transtubercular plane. The subcostal plane runs horizontally through the lower border of the tenth costal cartilage on either side. Finally, the transtubercular plane passes through the tubercles of the iliac crest and the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra.

The correct and left hypochondriac regions are found superiorly on either side of the abdomen, while the epigastric region sits between them in a central, superior position. The correct and left lumbar regions surround the umbilical region, which is primal and has the umbilicus as its centre signal. Lastly, the right and left inguinal regions are found inferiorly on either side of the hypogastric region, which is the virtually inferior of the central line of segments.

Each of the nine regions shall at present be listed individually, running craniocaudally from left to right:

Left hypochondriac region

The left hypochondriac region contains the:

• stomach
• top of the left lobe of the liver
• left kidney
• spleen
• tail of the pancreas
• parts of the small intestine
• transverse colon
• descending colon

Acquire everything nearly the abdominal regions with our videos, quizzes, labeled diagrams, and articles:

Right hypochondriac region

The right hypochondriac region contains the:

• liver
• gallbladder
• small intestine
• ascending colon
• transverse colon
• correct kidney

Epigastric region

The epigastric region contains the:

• esophagus
• tummy
• liver
• spleen
• pancreas
• right and left kidneys
• right and left ureters
• right and left suprarenal glands
• small intestine
• transverse colon

The position of the transverse colon tin can differ slightly from person to person due its mobile suspension inside the transverse mesocolon. It is, however, normally located between the epigastric and umbilical regions of the belly.

Left lumbar region

The left lumbar region contains:

• a portion of the small intestine
• a part of the descending colon
• the tip of the left kidney

Right lumbar region

The right lumbar region contains the:

• tip of the liver
• gallbladder
• pocket-size intestine
• ascending colon
• right kidney

Umbilical region

The umbilical region contains the:

• tum
• pancreas
• pocket-size intestine
• transverse colon
• medial extremities of correct and left kidneys
• right and left ureters
• cisterna chyli

Left inguinal region

The left inguinal region contains:

• part of the minor intestine
• the descending colon
• the sigmoid colon
• the left ovary and the left fallopian tube in females.

Right inguinal region

The right inguinal region contains the:

• pocket-size intestine
• appendix
• cecum
• ascending colon
• right ovary and right fallopian tube in females

Hypogastric region

The hypogastric region contains:

• pocket-size intestine
• sigmoid colon
• rectum
• urinary float
• right and left ureters
• uterus, the right and left ovaries and the fallopian tubes can be institute in females
• ductus deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate in males

Now that yous learned everything about the regions of the abdomen, solidify your knowledge with our quiz:

Clinical aspects

Greyness-Turner's sign is a redness or bruising that can be seen on the right lumbar region after a flow of 24 to 48 hours, indicating a retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Its presence is significant considering it can be predictive of severe hemorrhagic pancreatitis, abdominal injury or fifty-fifty metastatic cancer. Cullen'southward sign is a discoloration of the skin around the umbilicus and points to a peritoneal hemorrhage.

Sources

All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. The data we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Kenhub does not provide medical advice. Yous can learn more than virtually our content creation and review standards by reading our content quality guidelines.

References:

• Neil S. Norton, Ph.D. and Frank H. Netter, Doc, Netter's Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry, 2nd Edition, Elsevier Saunders, Chapter 22 Introduction to the Upper Limb, Back, Thorax and Abdomen, Overview and Topographic Anatomy, General Information, Page 556.
• Frank H. Netter, MD, Atlas of Human being Anatomy, Fifth Edition, Saunders - Elsevier, Affiliate Abdomen, Subchapter 24 Topographic Anatomy, Guide: Abdominal Regions, Page 126 to 127.

Illustrators:

• Duodenum (ventral view) - Begoña Rodriguez
• Cecum (ventral view) - Begoña Rodriguez
• Left kidney - ventral view - Irina Münstermann
• Sigmoid colon (ventral view) - Begoña Rodriguez
• Midclavicular line (ventral view) - Irina Münstermann
• Hypochondriac region (ventral view) - Irina Münstermann
• Epigastric region (ventral view) - Irina Münstermann
• Lumbar region (ventral view) - Irina Münstermann
• Umbilical region (ventral view) - Irina Münstermann
• Inguinal region (ventral view) - Irina Münstermann

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